Shingle



July 30, 194-0. OLDEN 2,209,704

'SHINGLE Filed June 14, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR Har/"z L. 0/1

ATT ,r

y 30, 1940- H. L. OLDEN 2,209,704

SHINGLE I Filed June 14, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Harry L 0/0 60BY Patented July 30, 1940 v UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SHINGLE Barry L.Olden, Cincinnati, Ohio, assignor to The Cincinnati Sheet Metal .&Roofing Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio J ApplicationJune 14, 1939, Serial No.;27!l,152,,,- 12 Claims. (01.108 17) f U Thepresent invention relates to improvements in a metal shingle such as maybe used for roofing or siding purposes, or for any I other purposescommonly assigned thereto.

5 An object of the invention is to provide a sheet metal shingle whichis structurally superior to other devices, so that its durability andefiectiveenhanced.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved sheet metalshingle which is so formed that it may be easilymanufactured with asaving of time and labor, and which may therefore be sold at reducedprices.

A further object is to provide a shingle which may easily be applied ina workman-like manner,

presenting a pleasant appearance, without the employment of skilledlabor.

The foregoing and other objects are attained 2 by the means describedherein and disclosed in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. l is a perspective view of a roof or other support with a pluralityof shingles applied thereto.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a. perspective view showing two adjacent shingles, one ofwhich is'attached to a support, and the other of which is in readinessfor application thereto.

In disclosing the present invention, it is appreciated that metallicshingles of one type or another have been proposed for use in place ofshingles constructed of other materials, but for various reasons notnecessary here to relate, such shingles have not heretofore enjoyedgeneral acceptanceand usage. The practicability of any metal shingle isdetermined chiefly upon its ability to withstand the elements,particularly wind and rain, and to effectively prevent leakage at thejoints where the shingles meet or overlap. One of the conditions to beavoided when using metal shingles, is that of the capillary action ofwater between the metallic parts of the shingles, which might render anotherwise acceptable shingle quite objectionable on account of leakageor the penetration of water and moisture onto the roof, wall or othersupport for the shingles.

It is necessary also that the shingles possess the ability to withstandthe crushing effects of walking thereon, or placing against them aladdeer or other means ordinarily used in enabling a workman-to scalethe shingle roof or wall. Of importance also is the provisionof meanswhereby the shingles easily may be aligned or positioned duringapplication, so as to present a fin-' ished pleasing appearance. Themetallic shingle 5 of the present invention has been so designed andconstructed as to take into account at least the ness for the preventionof leakage are greatly primary considerations above mentioned, alongwith other considerations of lesser importance.

With reference to the. accompanying drawings, 1'9

the character .5' indicates any suitable support to be shingled, forexample-a roof, wall or other like panel. By preference the support isof wood 'or other material which will receive nails or other fasteningdevices to be used in mounting the II shingles. The main body'portion ofthe shingle may be appropriately referred to as the weather surface,which is indicated by the reference character 6, and'this is the portionwhich is normally exposed to the elements.

Since shingles ordinarily are applied to vertical or sloping supports,they may be considered as having upper and lower, or rear end forwardedges, bounded by sides which are normally parallel. At the rear or top,each shingle is furnished with a nailing flange I adapted to contact thesupport 5,;and in the particular shingle of this invention, the nailingflange comprises a sloping portion 8 and aforwardly directed extension 9elevated above and overhanging the rear w marginal portion l 0 of theweather surface. The forwardly directed extension 9 is integral with thenailing flange and the weather surface, and is constituted of an ,S-bendwhich is not tightly closed, but deliberately made loose or open so asto result in the formation of a long channel or pocket I2 disposedtransversely of the shingle from one side thereof to the other, forreasons to be explained. The forwardly directed extension 9, as will benoted, overhangs andis spaced above the weather surface of the shingle,and it projects forwardly or toward the lower edge of the shinglewithout coming into proximity with the weather boarding or support 5.The extension 9 forms one element of a shingle interlock which isparticularly designed to avoid leakage and capillary action of water, aswill be explained. I With reference to Fig. 4, it will be noted that theshingle at the left has along its edge a long and rather deep gutter l3,which is constituted 50 of the bottom It and sides l5 and I 6 whichgradually deepen or taper from the region of the extension 9 toward theforward or lower edge of the shingle. The forward end I! of the gutterpreferably is. an open .end permitting water 55 drainage, whereas therear or upper end I8 of the gutter is confined by a continuousupstanding wall l9 located above or beyond the channel l2, as is bestillustrated in Fig. 3. The open forward end of the gutter preferably islocated in the plane of the perpendicular wall 20 which closes the loweror forward end of the shingle.

By referring to Figs. 3'and 4, it will readily be observed that thereversely turned flange 2! of wall 20 engages or hooks beneath thespaced extension 9 of an adjacent shingle, thereby to preclude lateralseparation of the shingles where they overlap, while at the same timeeffecting a weather proof seal. The flange 2|, it should be noted, doesnot contact the weather surface of the shingle which it overlies, sothat a space 22 is formed, which acts as a capillarity break effectivefor preventing creepage of water into and through the joint formed bythe flange 2| and the intermediate portion of the S-shaped extension 9.By referring to Fig. 3, it will be noted that the upstanding wall i9 ofthe gutter is located well above' or behind the interlock line -of theshingles so that passage of water between the shingles and onto thesupport 5 is rendered impossible.

Directing attention now to the right of Fig. 4, it will be noted thatthe shingle there illustrated has a side which is provided with agutterclosure or cover 23, which may properly be considered an invertedchannel. The cover is practically coextensive in length with the gutterl3 of the adjacent shingle, audit is supported from the weather surfaceof the shingle by means of the vertical tapered wall 24. At the outer'edge of the cover, there is provided a downwardly turned flange 25, thepurpose of which is to space the cover from the bottom of the gutter, asillustrated by Fig. 2. The full length of the gutter, therefore, isprotected against the capillary action of water. To afford furtherprotection against driving rain and wind, the lower end of the gutterclosure or cover may be provided with a depending flange 26 adapted toclose the open end ll of the gutter when the cover is superposed thereonin the assembled condition of the shingles. The taper of the wall 24corresponds to the taper of wall I5 (Fig. 4), so that the cover overliesthe gutter preferably with equal spacing along the length of the gutter.As indicated in Fig. 2, the wall I6 which forms one side of the gutter,may by preference extend upwardly so as to substantially contact theunderface of the shingle which carries the cover 23, thereby lend-'- ingsupport and rigidity to the assembly. It should be noted further thatthe walls 24 and 25, as best illustrated in Fig. 2, flt'within thegutter sides and thereby preclude the possibility of lengthwise shiftingof the shingles. This feature enables an unskilled workman: to apply theshingles nicely and uniformly, with a resultant perfect and pleasingappearance.

Referring again to Fig. 4, and to. the shingle at the right thereof, thecharacter 21 indicates a combination sealing and aligning lugwhich isintegral with the upper end of the cover 23 and the intermediate web 28of the S-shaped forward extension previously mentioned. By preference,though not of necessity, the upper edge of the lug is turned upon itselfas indicated at 29, so as to impart strength and rigidity thereto whileat the same time aiding in perfecting a seal against penetration bywater. The lug 21 is adapted to be bodily inserted into the end of thechannel 12, of the shingle at the left, thereby to align the forwardextensions 9' of both shingles, which results in aligning also theforward end walls 2| of said shingles. When the lug is inserted into theend of channel l2, a permanent and highly effective seal is afforded,which will stop not only water, but wind that would otherwise find itsway between the shingles v and the support to which they. are mounted.As

will be readily understood, especially by referring to Fig. 1, the jointformed by the lug 21 entering the pocket l2 at the upper end of thegutter, will be further sealed ,by the inter-engagement of the flange ofthe wall 20 on the superposed shingle 30. The flange of wall 20 ofcourse, engages beneath the aligned'overhanging extensions 9 of the twoshingles subjacent to an overlying shingle which spans them.

It is noteworthy that the lower ends ll of all gutters in a horizontalrow of shingles will rest upon and substantially contact the horizontalrow of aligned extensions 8 of subjacent shingles, so that the guttersthereby are furnished substantial support and insurance against downwardsagging toward the weatherboarding or roof structure 5.

The covers for the gutters, being in turn supported by the flanges 25resting within the gutters, will likewise be supported and protectedagainst sagging and deformation that might otherwise close thecapillarity' breaking space between the cover and the bottom of thegutter. By reason of this construction, the material forming the guttersaids in maintaining an elevated disposition of the shingles with respectto the roof or other support 5, without liability to assume a majorportion of any crushing or bending force that might be applied to theshingles incident to painting or repairing of the roof, wall or othershingle support.

By providing the continuous forward extension 9 in overhangingrelationship to the weather surface of a subjacent shingle, withoutexposing the line of contact between the upper and lower shingles at theinterlocking region, the shingles may be repainted after applicationwithout showing any bare or unpainted areas resulting from friction dueto expansion and contraction. To explain-further this point ofadvantage, reference to Fig. 1 is helpful, noting the overhangingextension 9; when a shingle is hooked over the extension 9 so as tooverlie the nailing flange 1,

The nails or other fastening means 4 are fully protected from theweather, and even though they might possibly rust, there is noopportunity for the rust to reach the weather surfaces of the shingles.

The shingles may readily be formed in a press at low cost, and anyweight or character of metal may be employed in the manufacture. Due tothe improved structural design of the shingle, however, a light gaugemetal used in the manufacture will be found to serve as effectively asheavier gauge metal in other forms of metal shingles. It should here bementioned that each shingle comprises a weather surface bounded at itsupper and lower edges by the elements I, 9, I2, 20 and 2|, and at itsopposite sides by a gutter, and a gutter cover or closure, respectively.In

with if desired.

be provided, at the-side edge thereof which is not shown, with a gutterof the character illustrated at l3. Thisob viously results in aninverted shallow pan or box formation. The horizontal rows of shinglesformed by securing a series of shingles together end to end,automatically furnishes a guide for mounting a superposed horizontal rowof shingles, so that calculations and measurements are completelydispensed It is to be understoodthat various Tnodiflcations and changesin minor structural details may be made, within the scope of theappended claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention. a a1 I claim: l. A sheet metal shingle which comprises in combination: ashallow pan-like body portion having a weather surface, and side, top,and bottom edges, depending walls on the body portion at the side edgesand the bottom edge, said bottom edge wall including a flange directedtoward the top edge in substantial parallelism with the body portion, agutter formed along one of the side edges, and a gutter closure formedalong the other side edge, dimensioned for reception wholly within thegutter, said gutter being channel shaped and of a width approximatingthe width of the gutter closure, said gutter including a bottom disposedat an elevation intermediate the bottom wall flange and .the plane ofthe weather surface, and means on the gutter closure for spacing saidclosure above the bottom of the gutter a distance substantially lessthan the depth of the gutter.

2. A sheet metal shingle which comprises in combination: a shallowpan-like body portion havingside, top, and bottom edges, depending wallson thebody portion at the side edges and the bottom edge, said bottomedge wall including a flange directed toward the top edge in substantialparallelism with the body portion, a gutter formed along one of the sideedges, and a gutter closure formed along the other side edge, saidgutter being channel shaped and of a width slightly less than the widthof the gutter closure, said gutter being at an elevation intermediatethe bottom wall flange and the plane of the body portion, and means onthe gutter'closure for spacing said closure from the bottom of thegutter when received therein, for effecting a capillarity breaking spacealong a side of the shingle, and a flange depending from an end of thegutter closure for shielding one end of the gutter from water directedat said end, but without completely closingsaid end of the gutter.

3.. A sheet metal shingle which comprises in combination: a shallowpan-like body portion having side, top, and bottom edges, dependingwalls on the body portion at the side edges and the bottom edge, saidbottom edge wall including a flange directed toward the top edge insubstantial parallelism with the body portion, a longitudinal gutterformed along one of the side edges, and a gutter closure shaped toflt'wholly within the gutter, and formed along the other side edge ofthe body portion, said gutter being channel shaped and of a widthapproximating the width of the gutter closure, establishing asnug fitbetween theclosure and the gutter to preclude relative shifting of theshingles and consequent change in the eifective width of the gutter, andbaffle means disposed adjacent to an end of the gutter closuretransversely thereof for intercept- 0 2,209,704 other words, the shingleat the right of Fig. 4 will 'tioned shingle, and a gutter along sideedge thereof extending below ing foreign materials directedendwlse ofthe gutter closure.

4. A sheet metal shingle which comprises in combination: a shallowpan-like body portion having a weather surface, and side,top, and bottomedges, depending walls on the body portion at the side edges and thebottom edge, said bottom edge wall including a flange directed towardthe top edge in substantial parallelism with the body portion, alongitudinal gutter wholly disposed at a levelbelow that of the weathersurface ,and formed along one of the side edges, and a gutter closureformed along the other side edge dimensioned to flt wholly within thegutter, said gutter being channel shaped and of a width approximatingthe width of the gutter closure, establishing a snug flt between theclosure and the gutter to preclude'relative shifting of the shingles andconsequent change in the effective width of the gutter, and meansspacing the gutter closure from the bottom of the gutter when receivedtherein, to provide a capillarity breaking space along the gutter.

5. In a sheet metal shingle assembly, a shingle comprising a weathersurface, side edges, and a flanged lower edge, with the flange portionof said lower edge turned beneath the shingle-in substantial parallelismwith said weather-surface, a subjacent second shingle comprising aweather surface and a continuous'flange overhanging the latter near thetop thereof in spaced relationship from the weather surface for adistance greater than is required for reception of the'flange of theflrst shingle to form an interlock therewith,

a' gutter cover along one side edge of the first mentioned shingle, anda gutter along the 0pposite side edge thereof extending below the levelof the weather surfaceand to the flanged lower edge thereof, said gutterin theregion of the flanged lower edge being elevated above the flange adistance approximating the thickness of the overhanging flange of thesubjacent second shingle, so as to contact and rest upon saidoverhanging flange of the subjacent shingle when the flanges areinterlocked, thereby to establish and maintain a substantial spacebetween the lower edge flange of the first shingle and the weathersurface of the subjacent second shingle,

beneath the overhanging flange of the latter.

6. In a sheet metal shingle assembly, a shingle comprising a weathersurface, side edges, and a flanged lower edge, with the flange portionof said lower edge turned beneath the shingle in substantial parallelismwith said weather surface, a subjacent second shingle'comprising aweather surface and a continuous flange overhanging the latter near thetop thereof in spaced relationship from the weather surface for adistance greater than is required for reception of the flange of thefirst shingle to form an interlock therewith, a

gutter cover along one side edge of the first menthe opposite the levelof the weather surface and to the flanged lower edge thereof, saidgutter in the region of the flanged lower edge being elevated above theflange a distance approximating the thickness of the overhanging flangeof the subjacent second shingle, so as to contact and rest upon saidoverhanging flange of the subjacent shingle when the flanges areinterlocked, thereby to establish and maintain a substantial spacebetween the lower edge flange of the first shingle and the weathersurface of the subjacent second shingle, beneath the overhanging flangeof the latter, and

for the under face of the weather surface of a similar third shingleinterlocked side-edge to side-edge with the second shingle.

7. In a sheet metal shingle assembly, a shingle comprising a weathersurface, side edges, and a flanged lower edge, with the flange portionof said lower edge turned beneath the shingle in substantial parallelismwith said weather surface, a subjacent second shingle comprising aweather surface and a continuous flange overhanging the latter near thetop thereof-in spaced relationship from the weather surface for adistance greater than is required for reception of the flangeo: thefirst shingle to form an interlock therewith, a gutter cover along oneside edge of the first mentioned shingle, and a gutter along theopposite side edge thereof extending below the level of the. weathersurface and to the flanged lower edge thereof, said gutter in the regionof the flanged lower edge being elevated above the flange a distanceapproximating the thickness of the overhanging flange of the subjacentsecond shingle, so as to contact and rest upon said overhanging flangeof the subjacent shingle when the flanges are interlocked, thereby toestablish and maintain a substantial space between the lower edge flangeof the first shingle and the weather surface of the subjacent secondshingle, beneath the overhanging flange of the latter, an upstandingvertical wall on the second shingle defining one side of its gutter,said wall being elevated to a height slightly lower than the plane ofthe weather surface, to provide a support for the under face of theweather surface of.a similar third shingle interlocked side-edge toside-edge with the second shingle, and a downturned flangealong an edgeof the gutter cover of the third shingle, to rest lengthwise within thegutter of the second shingle, for permanently spacing said cover fromsaid gutter to provide a capillarity-breaking space along the length ofthe gutter.

8. A sheet metal shingle which comprises in combination: a shallowpan-like body portion having side, top,-and bottom edges, dependingupright walls on the body portion at the side edges and the bottom edge,said bottom edge wall including a flange directed toward the top edgebeneath the body portion and in spaced substantial parallelism with thebody portion, the depending upright wall at one side edge of the bodyportion being at all points progressively narrower than the bottom edgewall, with the narrowest portion disposed adjacent to the top edge ofthebody portion, a lateral extension and an upright flange on said oneside edge wall forming an angular gutter extending from the bottom edgeto the top edge of the body portion, said flange along its length beingat an elevation, slightly lower than the plane of the body portion by anamount approximating the thickness of the body portion, and a lateralextension and a narrow downturned flange on the other upright dependingwall at the other side edge of the body portion, alldimensioned forreception within the width of a gutter as specified above, the lastmentioned lateral extension furnishing a gutter cover maintained inspaced parallel relationship to the gutter by the narrow downturnedflange aforesaid, and by the upright an adjacent similar shingle, anailing flange along the top edge of the body portion, and alongitudinal forwardly directed extension intermediate the nailingflange and the body portion, disposed in an elevated and overhangingrelationship to the body portion of the shingle for interlocking with atop edge flange of a similar adjacent shingle.

9. A sheet metal shingle which comprises in combination: a shallowpan-like body portion having side, top, and bottom edges, dependingupright walls on the body portion at the side edges and the bottom edge,said bottom edge wall including a flange directed toward the top edgebeneath the body portion and in spaced substantial parallelism 'with thebody portion, the depending upright wall at one side edge of the bodyportion being at all points progressively narrower than the bottom edgewall, with the narrowest portion disposed adjacent to the top edge ofthe body portion, a lateral extension and an upright flange on said oneside edge wall forming an angular gutter extending from the bottom edgeto the top edge of the body portion, said flange along its length beingat an elevation slightly lower than the plane of the body -portion by anamount approximating the thickflange when constituting part of thegutter ofness of the body portion, and a lateral extension and a narrowdownturned flange on the other upright depending wall at the other sideedge of the body portion, all dimensioned for reception within the widthof a gutter as specified above, the last mentioned lateral extensionfurnishing a gutter cover maintained in spaced parallel relationship tothe gutter by the narrow downturned flange aforesaid, and by the uprightflange when constituting part of the gutter of an adjacent similarshingle, a baille at the forward end of the gutter for shielding thelower end of the gutter from water directed at said end, a nailingflange along the top edge of the body portion, and a longitudinalforwardly directed extension intermediate the nailing flange and thebody portion, disposed in an elevated and overhanging relationship tothe body portion of the shingle for interlocking with a top edge flangeof a similar adjacent shingle.

10. An interlocking sheet metal shingle which comprises in combination:a generally fiat body portion having a weather surface and top, bottomand opposed side edges bounding the weather surface, a gutter formedalong one side edge, and a gutter cover formed along the other sideedge, the top edge of the body portion including an S-bend, with theupper leg of the S-bend providing an extended nailing flange, the lowerleg of the S-bend being substantially in the plane ofthe gutter cover,and the intermediate portion of said bend lying in spaced substantialparallelism with the weather surface, a sealing and aligning lugextending from a side edge of the body portion beyond the gutter coverand integrally therewith, constituting a straight lateral extension ofthe lower leg of the S-bend and a straight'lateral extension of theintermediate portion/ofthe S-bend joined together in correspondency withthe lower leg and the intermediate portion of the S-bend, and a pocketat the gutter side of the shingle formed by the S-bend along the top ofthe body portion, for reception of a sealing and aligning lug of asimilar adjacent shingle.

11. An interlocking sheet metal shingle which comprises in combination:a body portion having a weather surface and top, bottom and opposed sideedges bounding the weather surface, a gutter formed along one side edge,and a gutter cover formed along the other side edge, the top edge of thebody portion including an S-bend, with the upper leg of the S-bendproviding an outwardly extended nailing flange along the top edge of thebody portion, the lower leg of the S-bend being a continuation of theweather surface, and the intermediate portion of said bend lying inspaced relationship over and above an upper margin of the weathersurfaceto provide a channel extending from the gutter to and across the guttercover, ar. extension on the lower leg 7 and the intermediate portion ofthe metal that forms the S-bend, to project as a lug into the channel ora similar shingle upon registration of the gutter of such similarshingle with the gutter cover of the shingle specified, said extensionlug being disposed laterally outwardly go beyond all parts of the guttercover.

12. An interlocking sheet metal shingle which comprises in combination:a body portion having a weather surface and top, bottom and opposed sideedges bounding the weather surface. a gut- 5 ter formed along one sideedge, and a gutter cover formed along the other side edge, the top edgeof the body portion includingan S-bend, with the upperleg oi the S-bendproviding an outwardly extended nailing flange along the top edge or thebody portion, the lower leg of the v j S-bend being a continuation ofthe weather surface, and the intermediate portion of said bend lying inspaced relationship over and above an upper margin of the weathersurface to provide a channel extending from the gutter to and across thegutter cover, an extension on the lower leg and the intermediate portionof the metal that forms the S-bend, to project as a lug into the channelof a similar shingle upon registration of the gutter of such similarshingle with the gutter cover of the shingle specified, said extensionlug being disposed laterally outwardly beyond all parts of the guttercover, and means associated with the gutter and the gutter cover formaintaining a capillarity-breaking space between them and for precludingrelative shitting movement thereof laterally.

HARRY L. OLDEN.

